Modelling Disease Ecology With Mathematics Smith Pdf

his mother is good at singing. 10. You mustn't

1. Russian — the Russian language

World

7. Our journey home was long and tiresome. —

11. They have already driven away. —

4. Jack has (gone/been) to the market. I see lots of fruit

two tickets for a bullfightⁱ. 55

not be 59

6. My brother has been washing his car for forty minutes. —

2. including flowers,

7. especially good,

124 Dialogue 1

Dialogue 2

Dialogue 3

Dialogue 4

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ЛЕКСИКО-ГПММАТИЧЕСКИЙ

ПРАКТИКУМ

Schools and Schooling steps 1—10

Write the verbs in the past forms.
a) 1. to write — wrote	b) 1. to work
2. to pay —	2. to paint —

3. to break — 3. to found — 4. to keep — 4. to try — 5. to wear — 5. to spell

6. to find — 6. to happen — 7. to put — 7. to state — 8. to think — 8. to talk

9. to leave — 9. to cry —

10. to teach — 10. to laugh

11. to give — 11. to learn — 12. to sleep — 12. to reply —

Write what you and your friends like/don't like doing.

1. I like learning things.

2. My friends don't like shopping on Sunday.

10.

Complete the disjunctive questions.

1. You always come to school on time, don't you? 4

2. Dick stayed after classes yesterday,

3. Sally can't speak Spanish,

4. Mike will bring his hamster to our biology class tomorrow,

5. I am planning a special training programme now,

6. Peter was helping his sister with her homework yesterday at 7,

7. Mother must be at work at 8 today,

8. Sandra could count to 10 when she was three,

9. They won't reply to Mr Black's letter till Friday,

10. Dick never keeps his room tidy, 9

Write what pupils have to do and don't have to do at home.

1. wash up Pupils have to wash up at home.

2. do their homework —

3. watch TV late at night —

4. keep their desks clean and tidy —

5. use dictionaries to look up new words —

6. speak English —

9. go to bed on time — 5

10. tidy their rooms —

Use will or won't to complete the sentences.

1. If you want to pass exams well, you (will/won't) will have to study hard. 2. Mark (will/won't) have to learn a foreign language, if he wants to travel a lot. 3. There are very strict rules in this school, so you (will/won't) be able to wear jeans there. 4. Jack (will/won't) be able to paint a picture, if he doesn't have a brush. 5. Jane (will/won't)spend much time outdoors in winter because she doesn't like cold weather. 6. Sally (will/won't) lie in the sun a lot when she goes on holiday to Spain as she likes sunbathing. 7. Don (will/won't) write projects easily if he buys a computer. 8. Sandra (will/won't)

tell me the news when she has time.

Use a/an, some or any to complete the sentences.

1. There is g dictionary on the shelf. 2. There aren't scissors in the backpack. 3. Boris bought colour paper and brush yesterday. 4. There are modern computers in this classroom.

5. There was noise in the hall during the break. 6. There aren't colleges in this town. 7. I didn't have interesting

subjects today. 8. Bob had orange for breakfast. 9. There weren't foreigners in our school yesterday. 10. Do you have English lesson today?

n Open the brackets to complete the sentences.

1. I can't see (any/some) gny chalk at the blackboard. 2. Is there (any/some) colour paper in your backpack? 3. There (is/ are) no sharp scissors in the kitchen. 4. Give me (a/ an) exercise book, please. 5. There (is/are) no glue in the bottle. 6. Physics (is/are) a difficult subject.

7. We have (a/an) new uniform at school. 8. This (is/are) a pencil case and these (is/are) pens. 9. We don't have (much/many) chalk. 10. There are not (many/much) students in this college.

Write the words from the box in 2 columns.

garden, dictionary, information, money, ruler, glue, water, daybook, pencil case, chalk, paper, butter, brush, snow, felt-tip pen, statue
	Countables	Uncountables
	1. garden 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8.	1. information 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

street. 10. Unfortunately there are very (little/few) literature classes in the secondary school.

Choose the right words to complete the sentences.

1. (This/These) These shoes (is/are) are very old. You need a new

pair. 2. (Those/That)trousers (is/are)too

short. You can't wear them to school. 3. (This/These) pair of jeans (is/are)dark blue. 4. (These/This) leggings (is/are)bright yellow. You should buy them. 5. That pair of mittens (is/are)very warm.

6. Where (is/are) my old pair of spectacles? I can't use the new one. 7. The pair of socks (was/were) behind the bed. 8. (This/These) shorts (is/are) not fashionable. I won't wear them.

m Use the appropriate^lverbs to complete the sentences.

1. For some pupils physics (is/are) is a difficult subject to understand. 2. The information we received yesterday (was/ were) very important. 3. For some people statistics

appropriate [e^lpreupriötl 110ÄXOÅ%1.qnii,

and pair of scissors in the shop. 5. tradition to celebrate Homecoming comes from American universities. 6.

teacher who works in primary school should be kind and nice.

7. In England pupils get report card with their marks from the teachers at end of period. 8. There is piece of cheese on plate. Take it. 9. pupils in England usually have five lessons five days week. 10. It was strict school, so Mary had to wear uniform.

Write the where necessary.

1. "Let's go to the cinema!" John said. 2. By law at the age of five English children must go to school. 3. Little children should be in bed not later than 10 p.m. 4. James is not a schoolboy anymore. He is at college. 5. Ann is ill. She should go and see doctor. 6. Where is Nancy? — She is at work, of course.

7. Yesterday •I promised little Rose to go to zoo with her.

8. They say Jane is seriously ill. She is in hospital now. 9. How often do you go to theatre? 10. It's 11 p.m., it's time to go to bed. 11. On her way to work Molly decided to go to post office. 12. After school I'm going to university. 13. I'm a little bit nervous. They say I need an operation and should go to hospital. 14. After breakfast we are going to shops, there is no food at home. 15. There is no any of my favourite cheese here. Let's go to supermarket. 16. Where are the children? — I think they are in picture gallery. 17. My granny always goes to church on Sundays. 18. Next Tuesday we are going to museum. 19. English children are usually at school till four o'clock in the afternoon. 20. Today we can go to circus if you want.

Complete the sentences with the word combinations from the box.

go to university, go to bed, go to hospital, be at work, go to school, go to work, go to church, be in bed

10 1. If you are seriously ill, you should go to hospital. 2. My brothers are

c students, they five days a week. 3. In Russia children at the age of six or seven. 4. Susan is really tired, she should early today.

5. On Easter Day many people . 6. It is Sunday. Mr Brown doesn't have to 7. It is already afternoon, you shouldn't so late. 8. There

is a lot of work in the office. We should at 8 0'clock on Monday.

Complete these disjunctive questions.

1. There are some felt-tip pens in my backpack, aren't there?

2. There is no pencil sharpener in your pencil case,

3. I have an English-Russian dictionary at home,

4. Pupils in Russia go to school five or six days a week,

5. In some schools pupils don't wear uniforms,

6. Our classes were over at a quarter to three

7. We bought a new pair of scissors last week,

8. We'll have Easter holidays in spring,

9. They won't leave school at the age of fourteen,

10. He wasn't doing his homework at six yesterday,

11. I am a year seven pupil,

12. She does eleven

17 Use the verbs in brackets in their appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

1. I (go) will go to secondary school when I (be) eleven.

2. When he (go) to the bookshop tomorrow, he (buy)

an English-Russian dictionary. 3. I'll be a year eight 11

pupil next year. I don't know if we (have) chemistry then.

4. Tell me when Nina usually (have) computer studies.

5. I am not sure if they should (wear) uniforms in this school. 6. If she (get) up at seven, she (come)

to school on time. 7. My cousin wants to know when I (finish) primary school. 8. Ask him when he (be) at home tomorrow evening.

Complete the sentences using the words on the right in the appropriate forms.

2. Ann music on the piano now.

3. What yesterday?

5. I am maths.

6. Bob's parents gave computer for

7. If Sarah finishes the

her parents.

8. There are two case.

in his pencil

their e-mail as soon as

ruler

answer

it.

get

10. Jason

some new words

write

on the blackboard when our history teacher came in.

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

Prince Harry at School

Prince Henry Charles Albert David was born on

the 15th of September 1984. He is the (1) fourth in line of succession^lto the throne. People all	four
over the world always (2) Henry Charles Albert as Prince Harry.	know
(3) mother, Princess	he
Diana, (4) in 1997 and	die
the boy (5) rather lonely	feel
after her death. Harry (6) to the same schools as William, and in Sep-	go
tember 1998 he (7) his	follow
(8) brother to Eton. Eton is	old
the (9) private school in Britain.	famous

1 line of succession [sek^lseSn] 110PflAOK HaCJ1eAOBaHMfl

It (10)in 1440 when Kingappear

Henry VI (11)the country. Etonrule

(12)Britain more thangive

20 prime ministers and a few well-known poets

13 and writers.

c 3

20 use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms to complete the text.

right. We moved to England from Finland in 1970. My father (send)^l Sent me and my twin brother to a private school in London. We

both (can)²(speak)3English a bit

when we (arrive)⁴there but it (be)⁵so difficult (understand)⁶British people speaking

English. My brother Steven was doing well at school but I (feel)⁷

that English was not "my cup of tea".

And then, one day my whole world (change)⁸

I (meet)9my new friend Jane in the playground.

"What (you do)^{^[1]} ⁰last Sunday?" she asked. Without trying (translate)^llthe question into English I just

(say)12, "We went to see our friends." The words (come)13from nowhere, in good English. It was like

a miracle^l.

At the lesson I (answer)¹⁴the questions correctly

and the teacher smiled. "Well done," I (hear)¹⁵

his words. Of course I (make)¹⁶ mistakes but I (find)¹⁷I was able to speak and understand

English at last.

1. — age	9. [^llaudli] —
2. [glu:l — 14	10. [ⁱforrnl —
3. [^ISIzaz] —	11. [^lfizlks]

	12. [pee] —
5. [norz]	13. [^Isalons] —
6.	14.
7. [tso:kl	15. [ma:k]
8. [ru:l]	16. [ⁱdlkSneril

Spell the words according to their transcription.

Write the missing letters to complete the words.

1. gl u e	6. s is ors	11. s i nce
t-t_p pen	7. d ct__n_ry	12. col e e
3. ch k	8. n__sy	13. sub ct
r ber	9. r er
sh	10. fore n	15. c em str

Write down the names of these things.

1. You can paint pictures with it. a brush

2. You use it to sharpen pencils.

3. You carry your books and exercise books in it.

4. You use it if you don't understand some words.

5. You cut paper with them.

6. You use it to draw a straight line.

7. You write your homework in it.

8. You use it to take away pencil lines from paper.

9. You write with it on the blackboard.

10. You can play games and work on it.

24 Write what 9 things there are on your desk.

1. There is a lamp on my desk.

10.

Choose pair or piece to complete the sentences.

1. Sara bought a new (pair/piece) pair of leggings yesterday. 2. Can I have a (pair/piece)of paper to write a note? 3. Mum usually has a (pair/piece) of sugar with tea. 4. James was choosing a (pair/piece) of shorts when he saw Bob.

5. This (pair/piece) of jeans is blue. 6. My uncle gave me a big (pair/piece) of land for gardening. 7. Mike should finish this (pair/piece) of work today. 8. This (pair/ piece)of scissors is very sharp. 9. Sam was very hungry and took another (pair/ piece)of cheese from the plate.

10. We need another (pair/piece) of hands to do the work.

1. I feel great when I go to the cinema with my sister. 2. I feel

when I am alone. 3. I feel

when 'I have nobody to talk to. 4. I feel when spring comes. 5. I feel when I am on holiday.

16 6. I feel when I shouldn't go to school.

7. 1 feel when my friends go away. 8. I feel

when I get up very early.

Make up the new words using these suffixes. Write them down.

-tion

-er

1. collect collection

2. decorate — 3. examine —

4. illustrate ^u— 5. dictate

6. demonstrate —

7. educate —

8. celebrate —

9. calculate —

10. illuminate —

1. rule — ruler

2. take

3. drive

4. teach — 5. shop —

6. listen — 7. sell

8. swim —

9. dance —

10. make —

Use the prepositions from the box where necessary to complete the

1. In England children go tg school gt the age of five. 2. Mr Black likes to work a break. 3. Granny is going to pay the tour dollars. 4. We should always pay our bills. 5. How many new subjects do you havethe seventh year? 6. I am so tiredwriting tests. 7. Today is 31 May. Our lessons

8. Olga got apoor mark physics yesterday. 9. The ecident happened Victor last week. 10. The noise was coming the hall. 11. The teachers are proud this schoolgirl.

12. I'm really bad PE. I can't do anything.

Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.17

1. We have a long break at 12 0'clock at school. 2. The

starts on September, 1st. 3. Maths is not my tavourite 4. Jill always wears a at school.

ruler, education, term, classmate, break, subject, rule, mark, noise, uniform, mistake, College

5. Primary and secondary in Russia is free. 6. Nancy wants to go to theof Arts. 7. That was a very difficult to remember. 8. There was a terrible in the hall. 9. Nick is my friend and my 10. Doris made a stupidin the test yesterday. 11. Sam got a good in physics last week. 12. To draw a straight line you need

Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

| 1. There were a lot of shoppers in the city centre. shop

2. Breathe in through the nose. deep

3. His strange ideas became fashionable and among his friends. popular

4. John comes from a family. music

5. The best kind of story is the story with a happy end

6. Not all schools here give their pupils education.religion

7. This isthe most importantprobable step in my life.

8. The was long and not meet interest

18 9. Jeremy's speech was and his form

s didn't like it. listen

10. This is a platform. move

11. I did the exercise without practical mistakes.

12. There is only onein ourforeign

group.

Complete the questions with prepositions to, at or of.

1. What music is your dad fond Of? 2. Who are you looking ? 3. Are you proud your country? 4. Did anything unusual happen you last week? 5. Are you good mathematics? 6. Are you tired learning a lot by heart?

7. Do you often write your friends? 8. Did you always listen your parents when you were four? 9. Were you afraid darkness when you were seven? 10. Are you always sure your answers?

Complete the names of some subjects pupils in Britain study at school.

1. history	7. c_em_ _try
2. g_ogra_ _Y	8. p_y_i_s
3. p_ s_cal edu_ation	9. s en e
4. rel_g_ _us edu_ation	10. b_ol_g_
	11. ma emat	s
6. c_mp_ter stud_ _s	12. I terat re

Complete the sentences with the names of school subjects.

1. At history lessons we learn about people who lived in the past.

2. Atlessons we learn about different continents

and countries.

19 lessons we draw or paint pictures.

lessons we learn how to work on the computer.

lessons we learn about different laws of nature. lessons we count and do sums.

lessons we run, jump and play active games. lessons we talk about writers and their works.

9. At lessons we learn about animals and plants.

lessons we do a lot of written exercises

and speak English.

Write on what days of the week you have these subjects.

history, biology, music, art, Russian, physics, English, mathematics, Russian literature, computer studies, physical education, geography

10. 11.

12.

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

20 1. Kevin often (talks/tells) talks about his new computer. 2. Molly couldn't (tell/say)the truth yesterday. 3. Martin (says/speaks) both Italian and Spanish. 4. Mary wanted to (tell/say) something important to you. 5. Nobody ever (tells/says) me anything.

6. Everybody was listening attentively when the teacher (was talking/was speaking) about our test. 7. Could you (say/tell) me the time, please? 8. Don't you see he is (saying/telling) a lie again? 9. Bob (says/ tells)

(say/ talk) loudly in the library.

You need somebody's help. Write what you will say.

1. You don't know how to say something in English. You say: "How do you say it in English?"

2. You left your textbook at home.

You say:

3. You don't know how to spell a new word.

You say:

4. You missed the task your teacher gave a minute ago.

You ask your friend:

5. You don't know how to say in English.

You say:

6. You are not sure either it is good or not to say "silly" in English.

You say:

7. You are not sure if you should do the exercise at home or in class.

You say: 21

8. You don't know what to do next.

You say:

9. You didn't manage to write something down and you want your teacher to repeat it.

You say:

10. You are in the classroom after the bell.

You say:

You already know some English words with school as the first element. Write what they mean in Russian.

1. schooldays — U.JKonbHb1e AHM

2. a schoolmate — 3. school age —

4. a school year —

5. a school-leaver — 6. a school house —

Complete the sentences using the function words from the box.

1. Jason talked his friend into taking part in the race. It was very important for their school. 2. I think you should talk your problems with someone who is a specialist in this matter. 3. No one likes the situations when people talk to them. 4. I tried to talk him of this dangerous decision but I failed^l, it didn't work. 5. I don't think you'll be able to talk him buying this car. It's too expensive. 6. His parents talked it and decided

22 to allow him to join the group. 7. Do you like it when your younger brother talks to you? 8. Never try to talk him of

anything he has decided to do. He won't listen. 9. I was really tired and she easily talked me taking a week's holiday.

Write what you can do in such situations. Use the phrasal verbs to talk back, to talk into, to talk over, to talk out.

1. Your friend is seriously ill but he doesn't want to take any medicines or see his doctor. I'll try to talk him into visiting the doctor.

2. Your friend likes to lie in the sun from morning till night.

3. You don't like the rude²way your younger relative speaks to your parents.

4. You would like to go on a trip but your parents are against it. —

5. Your friend is fond of eating too much sugar and sweets.

I failed [felld]

2 rude [ru:d] — rpy6b1ü

7. Your relative has his doubts about buying a computer. —

8. You don't know how to help your friend and would like to discuss it with your parents.

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right. c

A diary is very (1) personal. You don't person

(2) write it for somebody to real

read. In a diary you can write what you like, in the way you like. Your diary shouldn't

(3) be very (4) necessary,

You tell your diary things that happen to you, interest you describe your (5) and feel

thoughts. Some people give their diaries names and address them (6) like writ- direct

ing to a friend. When people write diaries, they

don't think about their (7) read

But some people who kept diaries became

(8) . Their diaries come out in the fame form of books and we can read them.

Unit 2

The Language of the World

Steps 1—10

I Grammar Section

Write the second and the third forms of these verbs.

1. to visit visited — visited 16. to play —

2. to be — 17. to arrive —

3. to see — 18. to borrow — 4. to answer — 19. to read

5. to pronounce — 20. to give —

7. to follow	22. to carry —
8. to do —	23. to write —

6. to need — 21. to develop —

9. to begin ^v— 24. to speak — 10. to become — 25. to take — 11. to swim —26. to eat — 12. to ring —27. to fall

13. to run — 28. to mention — 14. to start —29. to sound — 15. to come — 30. to prefer —

Write short answers to these questions.

1. Has any member of your family ever spoken Chinese? — No, they haven't./Yes, they have.

2. Have you ever seen any old Russian cities? — 3. Have you read any books by J. Rowling? — 4. Have you ever written

5. Have you ever been abroad? —

6. Has your best friend ever eaten sushi? — 7. Have You ever swum in the sea? —

8. Have you ever talked to a stranger? —

Rewrite these sentences. Follow the example.

25 1. I have never been to Peru. I've never been to Peru.

2. He has phoned his friend. c

3. We have not seen this show.

4. You have come back so late. —

8. He has given the right answer. —

10. You have not written the paper.

Ben hasn't given me this picture dictionary .

2. Susan has washed the dishes. —

3. Bob has carried the heavy bag home.

4. My friends have cooked lunch for me. — 5. Mark has used an English dictionary. —

6. The children have pronounced the new words right. — 7. The student has asked a lot of questions. — 26 8. Peter has cleaned his shoes.

9. Jane has visited many countries. —

10. Bill and Mary have been to Canada. —

Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. Molly (have/has) hgs read a fantastic text. 2. Ben (have/has)

fallen off his bike. 3. We (have not/has not)

spoken to the teacher yet. 4. The meeting (have/ has) just finished. 5. They (have/has)pronounced the new

words several times. 6. Fortunately my little brother (have not/has not) developed a cold. 7. The boys (have/ has) swum in the swimming pool. 8. My parents (have not/has not) been to Italy. 9. Sofie (have not/has not)

begun learning the vocabulary yet. 10. Tom and Dan (have/has)

borrowed the books from the library.

Look at the pictures and write what places these people have/haven't been to.

Greg 1.

Miami Greg has been to Miami.

The Smiths have not been to Spain.

Jill 3.

Glasgow

Meg 5.

Chicago

Sam has never travelled. Write where he has not been and what he has not seen.

1. London/Big Ben — Sam hasn't been to London and hasn't seen Big Ben.

8. Madrid/the Royal Botanical Garden —

Look at the pictures and write what they have just finished doing.

1. They have Just finished eating.

3. 4.

Make up sentences from these words and word combinations. Write them down.

1. Olga/carried/the books/has/upstairs — Olga has carried the books upstairs.

never/been/the children/ to/the circus/have —

3. we/room/done/already/our/have —

4. have/ just/their/they/begun/homework/doing —

7. cousin/become/my/has/an engineer —

8. Mr Watterson/written/new/book/a/has —

Make up questions from these words and word combinations using present perfect. Write the sentences down.

1. Barbara/seen/the new/film/has? — Has Barbara seen the new film?

2. met/any/students/have/you/foreign?

3. begun/the report/has/Mark/writing?

4. yet/has/Bill/the office/rung? —

5. visited/their/have/granny/Jane and Mary?

6. eaten/ever/has/Len/pizza?

7. Olga/has/a professional/become/dancer? —

8. carried/have/you/into your room/the suitcase? —

m Use present perfect of the verbs in brackets to complete these sentences.

1. Captain Drake (be) has been to many countries of the world.

2. Doris and Helen (follow) the group.

3. His parents (not speak) to the teacher yet. 4. I (never swim) in the ocean. 5. Mike

(hear)a strange sound. 6. Bob (write)

an interesting essay. 7. The boys (play) football. 8. The students (pronounce) the new words after the teacher. 9. The

sportsmen (run) 10 kilometers. 10. The meeting (just begin)really late.

1. Have you talked to the teacher (yet)? Have you talked to the teacher yet?

2. Mary has finished her homework (already). —

3. Ben has been to Peru (never).

4. I have borrowed the book from the library (just). —

5. Sarah has spoken this tongue (never).

6. They haven't come home (yet).

7. Have you swum in the Volga (ever)? — 8. Mike has fallen off his bike (just).

9. Don has become a professor of English (already).

10. Have Dora and Colin cooked dinner (ever)? —

Write questions to the underlined words.

1. Molly has been to New York. — Where has Molly been?

2. I have seen a fantastic film today. —

3. Sam has eaten potato soup for lunch.

32 4. Sandra has learned the poem very

5. The boss has written ten e-mails today.

6. Doris has come to see you.

7. You have borrowed your mum's dress.

8. She has given her sister a lot of money. —

9. He has visited this sportsman.

10. Peter has run to the stadium. —

Look at the pictures and answer the questions.

1. Who has spoken to the students? — Mr Black has.

Lulu and Tom

5. Who has cooked lunch? —

6. Who has taken the dog for a walk? — 33

Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

1. It (happen) happened many centuries ago. 2. The computer (break)suddenly last week. 3. His laughter (sound)loud in the corridor the other day. 4. When

I came home, the noise (be)awful. 5. Bob (have)

a strange feeling the whole day yesterday.

6. When Lulu was a child, she (dislike) eating porridge. 7. Yesterday the meeting (seem) endless to me. 8. Last week they (do) a lot of things. 9. When Tom was seven, he (prefer) bananas to oranges.

10. Sam (speak) to the boss rudely the day before yesterday.

Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. He (did/has done) did his work very well yesterday. 2. Mr Green

(just pronounced/has just pronounced) the new word strangely. 3. Jill and Bob (read/have read)

34 an interesting book today and say they like it.

c 4. Molly (became/has become) a professional sportswoman. 5. Jane (saw/has seen) Mark the other day. 6. James (fell/has fallen) from

the roof last week. 7. Mother (gave/has given) me some money. I can buy a new blouse. 8. Bob (rang/has rung)

the wrong door last night. 9. Helen (never swam/has never swum)in the ocean.

10. English (developed/has developed) into a global language.

Complete the sentences using past simple or present perfect.

1. Bob (follow) has followed his director to the office. They are

talking now. 2. He (carry) a very heavy suitcase

to the second floor. That's why he is so tired. 3. The children (visited/have visited) fantastic places. They can tell you about them. 4. I (began/have begun) reading an interesting book two days ago. 5. Dad (came/has come) late last night. 6. Mr Black (spoke/has spoken) for an hour at our yesterday's meeting.

7. Bob (took/ has taken) a lot of money from the

bank. He's buying a new house. 8. Helen (never swam/has never swum) in the sea. 9. Albert (wrote/ has written)

his test badly. Just look at it! 10. Meg (needed/

has needed) to buy a dictionary yesterday.

good doctor. 9. The teacher of English has given us such good knowledge. 10. They were such cute children.

Complete the sentences using the words on the right in the appropriate forms.

do, one

say not speak

appear

look not know come

think

not arrive

start she speak give

1 to give up— 0TKa3aTbcfl

do read

work 37

3 rain, not be

difficult goose

Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms to complete the text.

Why We All Speak Different Languages

The Bible^lsays that centuries ago all the people on our planet (1) (speak) spoke one and the same language

(2) (understand) other easily. One day they (3) (decide)

to build a tower so high

that (can)

reach the sky. They

very

(7) (build) the tower for many days and nights, the tower (8) (grow) higher and higher. "We

(9) (never see)such a high tower," many of them

(10) (say) . But then God (11) (see)

¹ the Bible [balbl] —

the tower and He (12) (not like) the idea. "The people

(13) (manage) to build the tower because they (14)

(speak) one and the same language," he (15) (think)

. "If they (16) (speak) different

38 languages, they (17) (not be) able to finish the tower." So God (18) (turn) one language into many.

Complete the text using the words on the right in the appropriate forms.

Language is a means of communication. People use it every day. But different people

(1) speak different languages. Each language speak

(2) (3) origin and his- have, it

tory. Most of the present-day European languages are Indo-European and they possess a lot of similar words. Modern scholars^lbelieve

that once people (4) one original lan- speak guage. (5) people lived in a cold cli- that mate. They (6) some wild and some know domestic animals. They (7) able be

to work with some metals, copper²for exam-

ple. (8) civilization (9) they, exist^{^[2]}

in Eastern Europe about 3000 years ago. It

(10) up about 2500 years ago. break

Nowadays nobody (11) why Indo- know

Europeans (12) their homes and leave

(13) in different directions. move

1 a scholar [^IskDlol y^t1éHb1ii, ryMaHn^rraPHb1MM

HayKaMV1

2 copper [ⁱkopa] — MeÅb

Spell the words according to their transcription.

1. [eal — air 9. [tA1)l

2. 10. [^li:vnl

3. [^Ikæri] 11. [vou^lkæbjuleri] — 4. [^Ifi:lll)] 12. [lendlos]

6. [pr11f3:l —	14. [ifDlou]
7. [pro^lnauns] —	15. [saund] —

5. [fæn^ltæstlkl 13. [dlsllalkl

8. [^Iju:sles] —

Il	Vocabulary Section

Write the missing letters to complete the words.

1. awful	6. e dle s	11. m__ning
2. begi_ _ing	7. pr_fe_ _ed	12. hap_en_ng
3. d like	8. alr__dy	13. d _t _onary
4. pron n e	9. fanta t	14. t_ng_e
5. bor_o ing	10. f _li_g	15. u ele s

Write the full names of these languages.

2. French — 3. English — 4. Italian — 5. Greek — 6. Dutch —

7. German — 8. Chinese —

9. Japanese — 10. Spanish —

Put the international words from the box into the appropriate categories.

philosophy, cricket, progress, militarism, drama, primadonna, tragedy, chocolate, avocado, football, golf, chemistry, medicine, tennis, statistics, music, radio, television, computer,

40 politics, biology, comedy, revolution, antibiotic, hockey, microelectronics, banana, coffee, mathematics, ballet, democracy, mango, rugby, communism, grapefruit, policy

Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

1. Jim has a wonderful collection of stamps.wonder, collect

2. A lot of have visited our foreign school.

practical, illustrate derivate

end 41

read

cloud bright like borrow

child

absolute, use

beauty

write

the

1. Bob has developed into a real writer. 2. Mother dislikes to borrow things strangers. 3. There is a vocabulary the end the textbook. 4. He has been France this year.

5. When he was young, my dad preferred coffee tea. 6. His speech the meeting was successful. 7. Do you follow me? 8. The Smiths went the sea train. 9. Do you use dictionaries school? 10. You can't have a real rest when you travel business. 11. Martha developed interest dancing.

12. Last year 'I took lessons French summer. 13. Julia speaks Greek fluently, it's her mother tongue. 14. Children should spend a lot of time the open air. 15. English has become the language the world. 16. Ben has fallen love

with a nice girl.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

fantastic, sounded, vocabulary, needed, developed, speech, borrowed, even, probably, preferred, tongue, followed, only, carried

1. He is an only child in the family. 2. Unfortunately Ben has a cold. 3. Mary was so weak after the disease she

couldn't walk. 4. Tom has got a of thirteen thousand words. 5. Kevin has the suitcase upstairs. 6. Molly hasbeen to Bristol this week. 7. Helen has the textbook from Olga. 8. Irene's mother is Russian. 9. When he was four, Dansweets to milk. 10. It was such afilm. I loved it. 11. His words loud. 12. Somebodyme on my way back.

13. Yesterday Alec to buy some food. 14. The verb

is a part of

Write the missing words into the table.

British word

American word

1. lift

4. cinema

5. trousers

1. elevator

2. garbage

3. gas (oline)

6. cookie

Oxonuauue ma6JL.

British word		American word
7. autumn 8. car park 9. 10. chips 11. tap 12.		8. 9. sweater 10. 11. 12. truck
33	Write what you can do in such situations. Use the phrasal verbs to hand

in, to hand out, to hand over, to hand back.

1. You have found someone's credit card in the street. — I will hand it in to the police.

Your friend has a lot of photos and he wants to give them to all the pupils of your class. He needs your help.

3. Your friend got a letter and gave it to you to read. You have read the letter and don't need it any more. —

4. You're at the dentist's office. Some person sitting next to you can't reach the magazine he wants to read. The magazine is close to you.

5. You have finished writing your test.

6. You are helping at the summer camp. There are pencils on the table. Each child should have some. —

7. You're on the plane. Your mum is sitting by the window. She wants a glass of water. The stewardess is pouring the water.

You're next to her. —

8. You have all the necessary papers to get your passport. You want to give them to the official.

Revise the phrasal verbs of units 1, 2 and complete the sentences with the verbs talk or handin the appropriate forms.

1. The teacher asked his pupils to hand in their tests. 2. I am not going to you out of going to the Urals. I think the trip will be interesting. 3. Victor, I really need to this problem over with you. It's important. 4. Lucy, can you the salt over, please? 5. "It's such a nice picture," he said ———--ing the photo back to me. 6. I think young Fletcher is very impertinent^l. He always back to other people. 7. Let's him into taking part in the new show. He is so talented. 8. Go to Room 12 andin your papers there. 9. Can I help with the packed lunches? I will them out if you want.

Write at least three word combinations in each row.

1. an awful happening, an awful day.

2. a fantastic result,

3. an endless day,

4. a useless bag,

5. the only answer,

6. a noisy meeting,

7. a fluent speech,

8. an international word,

In each row write at least three words with the same suffix or prefix.

1. childless, speechless,

2. fluently,

1 impertinent [Im^lp3:ünentl — Aep3K%ü

3. feeling,

4. tradition,

5. farmer,

6. practical,

7. American,

8. wonderful,

9. rebuild,

10. unkind,

Use the word dictionary or vocabulary to complete the sentences.

1. This is a Russian-English dictionary. 2. Peter speaks five languages. There are a lot of international words in his

. 3. If you don't know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in a . 4. Computer programmers use a special . 5. This has got wonderful

illustrations. 6. Usually there is a at the end of a textbook. 7. The teacher asked his pupils to write new words

in their 8. Webster's is famous all over the world.

Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences.

1. There is an awful (noise/noisy) noise in the street. 2. Who has given you such a wonderful (dictionary/vocabulary)

3. The sun is shining. The sky is (cloudless/cloudy)

4. These people didn't like the meeting. It was (successful/ unsuccessful) 5. I haven't spoken to my father (already/yet) 6. It was such(a/—) useless advice. 7. You need a (rule/ruler) if you

want to draw a straight line. 8. At first children get (primary/ secondary)education. 9. Take a (piece/peace)

of chocolate if you feel hungry. 10. I have met a (foreign/foreigner) at school today.

Use the phrases from the Social English section (Student's Book, part l, p, 67) and write about your own likes and dislikes.

46 1. going to the cinema — I quite like going to the cinema.

2. drawing —

3. learning a foreign language — 4. going shopping —

5. planting flowers —

6. playing computer games — 7. watching comedies —

8. reading sentimental books — 9. cooking —

10. listening to music —

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

English is an (1) awfully difficult languageawful

to spell (2)There are aboutcorrect

(3) sounds in English but more four

than 200 ways of spelling them. There are four sounds in the word "daughter", but seven let-

ters in it. Some (4) rules arespell

(5) regular. Then English has a fair lot of (6) and they have their own borrow

(7) Sometimes it's impossible to difficult

explain why the English words in writing or pro-

nunciation are so (8) . Sometimes differ it is a matter of (9) development, history sometimes logics and history cannot give you the inform

(10) you need.

Some Facts about the English-speaking

Steps 1—10 47

Write the second and the third forms of these verbs.

2. to have —	15. to see —
3. to drive	16. to fight —
4. to go —	17. to ride
5. to bring —	18. to get

1. to break — broke — broken 14. to build —

7. to send	20. to meet —
8. to find —	21. to speak —

6. to teach — 19. to choose —

10. to eat —	23. to write —
11. to buy	24. to come —

12. to think —	25. to ring —
13. to spend —	26. to fall —

9. to take — 22. to be —

Rewrite these sentences following the example.

1. They have not built a new cottage. — They haven't built a new cottage.

2. The boys have not caught many fish.

3. My cousin has not broken his bike. —

4. I have not spoken to Mr Robinson yet.

6. We have not had lunch.

7. Alice has not chosen a new dress yet. —

8. The teacher has not given me a mark for my answer. —

What have they done? Make up sentences and write them down. Use the verbs in present perfect.

1. The Browns/leave for the airport — The Browns have left for the airport.

2. Young Humbert/start on a journey

3. Mr Fallen/see the Great Plains

4. Jim and Becky/bring empty glasses to the kitchen —

5. Francis/drive to Washington, D.C.

6. My sisters/ teach me to play tennis —

7. Edwin and his younger brother/visit Australia —

8. Mrs Dundee/buy a new dishwasher —

1. You have already

2. Albert has not rung

3. The Greens have not

4. They have given to

5. He has never been

6. Sue has not found her mobile,

7. The cat has eaten some fish,

8. The boys have broken the bench,

9. We haven't chosen Easter presents,

10. The secretary has written all the letters and has sent all the e-mails,

Complete these disjunctive questions using the appropriate verb forms.

1. Soon the boys became very good football players, didn't they?

2. There is some snow on the branch,

3. Germany doesn't border on Russia,

4. Lucy is wearing such a beautiful golden chain,

5. They have just arrived in Texas,

6. Russia stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Baltic Sea,

7. The children were playing on the coast then,

8. Lilies of the valley don't grow in autumn,

9. You will buy a new mobile for me,

10. We have been to the Great Plains,

Write questions to the underlined words. 50

1. They have just left for Moscow. — Have they just left for Moscow?

2. We have visited the Great Canyon lately. —

3. Jason has broken the window with a ball. —

4. Jill swims fairly well. —

5. We have bought the vase because we want to give it to mum as a birthday present.

6. Steve has gone to the cinema. —

8. The fire destroyed most of the building last week. —

9. She has been to the market.

10. They are going to stay on the coast more than an hour.

Choose the right verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. It is the first time Adrian (saw/has seen) has seen snow.

2. We (bought/have bought)a new dishwasher

the other day. 3. My sister (fell/ has fallen) off her bike lately. 4. They (came/ have come) 51 back just now. 5. We (heard/have heard) this

tune many times. 6. Our teacher (was/ has been) to Britain several times. 7. We (did/have done) it the day before yesterday. 8. It's the third time I (drove/have driven) a car. 9. It's the worst answer he (gave/ has given) 10. They (caught/ have caught) so many fish last Sunday!

Use past simple or present perfectto complete the sentences.

1. The concert (just begin) has just begun. 2. Sam (phone) just now. 3. The boys were so hungry.

They (eat) all the sandwiches and (ask)

for more. 4. Our children (already become) grown-ups. 5. The fridge is empty. I can see

that Bob (not be) to the shops. 6. The other day we (write)to them, but we (not receive)

any answer so far. 7. Alex, what present

(you choose) for daddy? 8. Simon (not get)

any bad marks recently. His teacher says the

boy (change) a lot. 9. Last Tuesday they (drive)

to Oxford in their Ford. The journey (not be) long at all. It (take)

them about two hours and a half. 10. It's the second time I (ride) a horse.

n Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences.

read such interesting books

you. —

5. Have they built the bridge across the river (yet)? —

6. The Simpsons have left (just).

I have bought such apples (several times).

8. We have sent the e-mails (this evening).

9. Has he swum in the ocean (ever)? —

Choose the appropriate verbs to complete the sentences.

1. Where (have you been/have you gone) have you been, Billy?

2. Mum, where is Lucy? — I don't know where she has (been/gone)

3. Don't you know where the Greens can be? — They say the Greens have (gone/been) to the Great Plains.

and vegetables in the kitchen.

5. Emma has (gone/been) out. There is nobody in.

6. Where have you all (been/ gone) ? You look so excited.

7. Where have they all (been/gone) ? Why are you alone?

8. Fred, have you (been/gone) to the garage yet?

9. Has Fred (been/gone) to the garage? I don't see him 53

anywhere.

m Use the verbs in brackets in past simple or past progressive to complete the sentences.

1. Where (you spend) did you spend your holiday?

2. The enemy (destroy) the city during the war. 3. Gregory (talk) on the phone when I (enter) and he (still talk)

when I (go) out. 4. What

(you do) at six o'clock yesterday? 5. When

(you visit) the Appalachian Mountains?

6. She (come) back a minute ago. 7. I (see)

Albert just now. 8. While my sister (cook)

our flat. 9. It (rain)

London.

10. It (snow) out of the house.

Use present simple or present progressive of the verbs on the right to complete the sentences.

1. I can hear that Mr Lang is speaking to our speak teacher.

what he not understand , say now.

3. We don't know where Boblive

So I can't give you his address.

The holidaymakers often this part of the country. It perfect place to spend your holidays.

What you here?

has let you in?

(on the phone): Mother, it's really great here, our holidays.

Jane and Sarah at the

school though Jane bit older.

Be quiet, little Ron

I think they what we have built.

My aunt a very serious

disease. I think she must hospital.

4. come to be

5. do

54 Who

we enj OY

7. be

same be

8. sleep

9. destroy

10. develop

go to m Use the appropriate verb forms to complete the text.

Two Americans were travelling in Spain. One morning they (1) (enter) entered a little restaurant for lunch.

They (2) (want) some milk and sandwiches but they

(3) (not know)

Spanish and the waiter (4) (not speak) English. So one of the travellers (5) (take)a piece of paper and (6) (draw) a cow. The waiter (7)

(look) and (8) (run)

out of the restaurant. "You see, what I (9) (do)

the traveller. "I (11) (draw) a picture and in a minute the waiter (12) (bring) us milk." The waiter really

(13) (come) a minute later but he (14) (bring)

Write the appropriate forms of the pronouns to complete the sentences. c

1. This is not (I) my car. Mine is a Ford. 2. "Shall we have dinner

in the garden?" (we) hostess asked (we) . 3. Look at the kitten. It is playing with (it) tail. Isn't it cute? Do you like (it) ? 4. (They) house is much bigger than (you) cottage. 5. Fiona has bought a very good dictionary and has spent all (she) money. 6. Do you see that tall man in a dark suit? Have you met (he) before? What's (he) name? 7. They are proud of (they) children. And I understand (they) 8. We'll try and solve (we) problems without (they) help.

1. a border — borders	11. a leaf —
2. a wolf —	12. a woman —
3. a man	13. a mouse —
4. a valley —	14. a goose —
5. a lily of the valley —	15. a sheep —
6. a lady —	16. adeer—
7. a wife —	17. a child —
8. a branch —	18. an ox —
9. a piano —	19. a foot —
10. a potato —	20. a reindeer —

Write the plural forms of these nouns.

¹ a bullfight [ⁱbullfalt]— KoppMÄa

Complete the sentences using the adjectives in the appropriate forms.

1. I'm sure she is (happy) happier than me. 2. Your gold watch is

(expensive) than the watch I have bought.

3. This is the (old) church in our city and

56 it is the (beautiful) 4. The building with the glass roof is as (tall) as the university.

5. Ted is not so (curious) as William.

6. The hilly part of the country is (small) than the part where lowlands and plains are situated.

7. John is my (old)brother. I love him very

much. 8. In my opinion Sue is the (clever) pupil in the group and her desk is the (tidy)

9. Albert's work was the (original) of all.

10. Which of your sons is (old) than your daughter?

Use a/an, the or zero article to complete the sentences.

1. There is gn apple on dish. You can take apple. 2. Tom is four, he is not at school yet. 3. Does your granny regularly go to church? 4. We never have classes on Sundays.

5. church opposite my house is old grey building.

6. Andrew was seriously ill. They took him to hospital the other day. 7. I have never seen such beautiful church.

8. I have already decided that after school I'm going to go to university. 9. When do your little twin sisters go to bed? 10. beds in our hotel room were wide and comfortable.

11. There was empty cup on kitchen table. 12. Can you open window, please. 13. Look! Our cat is sleeping on bed. 14. Tom is in bed and already sleeping.

Rewrite thæe sentences. Put in apostrophes where necessary.

1. The boy has a pencil and the girl has a pen. The boys pencil and the girls pen fell on the floor. -— The boy's pencil and the girl'S pen fell on the floor.

2. Toms exercise book was on the teachers table.

3. I have a brother and a sister. Jack is my brothers friend.

4. I have two brothers. They have a friend. His name is Paul. Paul is my brothers friend.

5. The womens dresses were bright and colourful.

6. I have three sisters. My sisters puppy is so funny. —

of high mountains from bedroom.

6. Uncle John says the beach for miles in every direction.

7. What country

Mexico in the north?

8. A lot of rivers

Baikal but only the Angara out of it.

9. Dear John, I

delegation yet.

son

12. Tomorrow

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

Once upon a time there lived a King and he (1) had a beautiful palace and have a garden around it. But though there

(2) many gardeners and the be soil was good, the garden (3) not give any fruit to the King and no flowers

(4)there. But the King grow

(5) the flowers and the fruit. want

tell can not understand say

find

be you be good

send

Write their names.

1. The waterfall on the border of the USA and Canada — The Niagara Falls.

2. The five big lakes on the border of the USA and Canada —

3. The biggest river in the USA — 4. The capital of the USA

5. The plains in the central part of the USA —

1 wise [walzl — MYApb1ii

2 a messenger — 110Cb1J1bHb1ii, Kypbep

6. The chain of mountains in the east of the USA —

7. The chain of mountains in the west of the USA

8. The biggest state in the USA

60 9. The River Washington, D.C. stands on —

10. The US state in the west of the country famous for its beaches — 11. The lowest, driest and hottest place in North America —

12. The lake situated in Death Valley —

13. The ocean that washes the US coast in the east —

14. The ocean that washes the US coast in the west —

Write the names of these Australian animals under the pictures.

1. kookaburra

Write at least three word combinations in each row.

1. an empty castle,

2. a sudden result,

3. a perfect day,

4. a full bottle,

5. his own car,

6. a surprised look,

7. incredible news,

A. Write the missing letters to complete the new words.

1. leaf	5. vall	9. d_str_y
2. g_ter	se	10. stre ch
3. ch n	7. br nch	11. su en
st	8. j_u_n_y

B. Write sentences with the words from part A.

1. There was a cabbage leaf on the table.

62 4.

10.

11.

12.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

sudden, perfect, desert, plain, leaves, borders, stretched, destroyed, laughter, surprised, journey, flow, full, disease, back

1. Most rivers flp_w into the sea. 2. John lay on his

and looked at the sky. 3. Her death was a shock for the family. 4. The Sahara is the largest in the world. It is situated in North Africa. 5. China on the Russian Federation, Mongolia, Pakistan, India and some other countries. 6. The from Paris to Lyon was not a long one. 7. Uncle Tom had a rare^l of nervous system.

8. The forests for hundreds of miles. 9. It was late autumn. Yellow, red and brown were falling down

1 rare [reel — peAKHü

to the ground. 10. An optimist says his glass is half a pessimist says it is half empty. 11. What weather we are having today! Let's go for a walk. 12. I was very at the news. 13. Vandals have the cars,

buses and the shops in the street. 14. A is a large area 63

of flat^lland. 15. I often remember my grandparents' house full of c happiness and

Use the function words from the box where necessary to complete the sentences. You can use some of them several times.

1. Sally was sitting a thick branch of the tree. 2. The streets in our city are never empty cars. 3. People can die this disease.

4. What has happened you? 5. We are proud you.

6. What countries does France border ? 7. The Appalachians is a chain mountains the east of the USA. 8. what sea does the Volga flow? 9. The Colorado River flows south.

10. We are tired this business. 11. Our land stretches east. 12. Bill has already been the bank. He is in his office now. 13. He is a car journey. 14. Never laugh children.

15. I am really surprised what you have done.

In each row write at least three words with the same suffix or prefix.

1. powerful, meaningful.

2. engineer,

3. orator,

4. redecorate,

¹ flat [flæt] — POBHb1ii,

5. lovely,

6. medical,

7. Russian,

8. sunny,

64 9. noisily,

10. unimportant,

11. demonstration,

W 12. penniless,

13. meeting,

Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences.

1. I was (surprise/surprised) surprised to hear the news. 2. His

(laugh/laughter) was loud and kindly. 3. Little Sandy (did/has done) it just now. 4. Never give (up/away) your hope. 5. I don't think it is (manly[unmanly) to offend little ones. 6. The music sounds so (loud/ loudly) . 7. The (weigh/weight) of the box was about three kilos. 8. We have (just/just now) bought a new computer. 9. He (maybe/may be) at home now but I'm not sure. 10. Ruth has (gone/been)to the shops. She has not returned yet. 11. Rose has (gone/been) to the shops. She has bought so many things. 12. (Maybe/May be) we shall come back at four, but I'm not sure.

Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

friendly, kindly, lonely, lovely, manly, shapely, ugly, womanly

1. Mrs Phillips never stood for Parliament thinking it more womanly to keep in the back. 2. Marina was a little girl with

asmile. 3. Jen has been verysince his mother died. 4. Aperson behaves in a kind way to other people.

5. We all called Ned an duckling in his childhood.

But look, how successful he has become. 6. William laughed

a deep laugh. 7. Twiggy was slim and had 65 legs.

Use the derivatives of the words. on the right to complete the sentences.

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.

Some people think so (1) highly of the seven-day week. They say it is a real monument to	high
(2) knowledge. Other people call the seven-day week illogical, but are people	astronomy
always (3) ? Maybe this illog-	logic
icality makes life more (4) for us. So who is right? Let's have a look	interest
at some (5) events. The	history
early West (6) had	Africa
a four-day week. The ancient (7) had an eight-day week. Do you know why? That was a period of time between their markets. Other	Rome
cultures had (8) views. The	differ
(9) had a cycle of fifteen	China
days, the (10) ten. It was the	Egypt
(11) ------—----------.-.-----—s of Mesopotamia who first	astrology

Day by Day

3. In the book I decided to mark the lines I had to learn by heart. 4. Mrs Loveday was sitting in her office marking the students' papers.

5. When I feel sad or lonely, my mum always tries to comfort me. 6. Do you think it's difficult to rule the country if you are a king or a tsar?

Write what the official languages of these countries are.

1. France —the French language/French

2. Great Britain — 3. Italy —

4. Canada — 5. Norway — 6. China — 7. Australia

8. Japan —

9. The Russian Federation — 10. Vietnam —

11. Germany —

Use the phrasal verbs to give out, to give back, to give away, to give up in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

1. I won't give up dance classes though they take so much time.

2. Sandra decided to leave the country. She sold her house

and all her books. 3. The teacher asked me pencils and paints at the beginning of our lesson.

4. Simon asked Betsy his books on Australia because he needed them. 5. Never hope. 6. They

prizes at the party yesterday and I got a teddy bear. 7. Our neighbour playing golf because of

some serious disease. 8. The free samples of new perfume ^l. 9. With years she the idea to visit Australia. She understood the flight was too difficult for her. 10. At the last conference they pens and notebooks to all the members.

69 Use the verbs from the box in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences. Sometimes two verbs are possible.

1. John used my camera and then handed/gave it back to me.

2. Make a list of people who are present andout the books. 3. Alex is very stubborn². I couldn't him into going to hospital. 4. Danover the newspaper to me and smiled. 5. This is my plan and I'm not going toit up. 6. This is a changing point in your career, son. We should everything over. 7. At the end of the lesson all the pupilsin their exercise books and left the classroom. 8. Sally says she has become a grown-up and she is going to away her collection of dolls. 9. I'm going to her out of putting on that

awful yellow dress for the party. 10. "Never back to your grandparents," said Mrs Harris seriously.

Use the phrasal verbs from the box in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

hand over, give out, hand in, hand back, talk over, talk out, give up, talk into

1. "This is your watch, isn't it?" Jane asked and handed over my watch to me.

1 a sample of new perfume — 3D. : 06pa311b1 (np06HHKH) HOBb1X AyxoB 2 stubborn [ⁱstAban] — ynpflMb1ü

2. Chris took the papers from the secretary, looked them through and them to her.

3. Your project is perfect. Don't Work more on it.

70 4. I know he wants to me joining his team but

I won't.

5. The ministers of three countries decided to the

w international situation.

6. Here are your tests. them , please.

7. Betty is trying to Linda of leaving. It's so important for her to be present at the meeting.

8. When you finish writing the test, your exercise books, please.

Write these phrases of surprise to complete the dialogues.

• You don't say so! • Oh dear!

• Fancy that! • Wow!

• Well, I never! • Really?

• It's incredible! • Is that so?

1. The gold mask of the Pharaoh [ ⁱfearau] Tutankhamun is over 3000 years old. Really?

2. The highest capital city in the world is La

Paz in Bolivia. It is 3,625 m up in the Andes. —

3. — The Appalachians (the USA) and the Urals

(Russia) are about 250 million years old!

4. In winter, under snow and ice, the tundra in northeast Siberia is colder (—70 ^oc!) than it is at the North Pole.

5. The mountain forests of northwest America have the oldest, the largest and the tallest trees in the world.

6. — Asian tree frogs can "fly" from one tree to another, as far as

12 metres away. — 71

7. The Red Sea has almost six times as much salt as the

Baltic Sea.

8. — The largest active volcano^lon the Earth is Mauna Loa, in Hawaii.

Match the words and word combinations from the two columns and

1. give back a) trip

2. hand out b) hand back 2.

3. talk over c) ruin 3.

4. stretch d) illness 4.

5. perfect e) discuss 5.

6. journey f) extend 6.

7. destroy g) extremely good/fantastic

8. disease h) give out 8.

1 a volcano [vDl^lke1nau] — BYJIKaH

72 Match the national flags of some English-speaking countries and the countries' names.

1. Australia

2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

3. Canada

4. The United States of America

a) b)

Living Things Around Us

Steps 1—10

c Write the second and the third forms of these verbs.

a) 1. to write — wrote — written b) 1. to work —

2. to pay —	2. to paint —
to	3. to found —

3. break

4. to keep — 4. to try

5. to wear — 5. to spell

6. to find6. to happen

7. to put7. to state

to think 8. to talk

9. to leave — 9. to cry —

10. to teach	10. to laugh
11. to give —	11. to learn —
12. to sleep	12. to reply

8. 9.

10.

11.

12.

Emma's mother asked her to do some things. Write what Emma has already done. Use the phrases below.

• to be to the shops • to do her homework

• to make sandwiches • to phone her granny

• to buy some fruit • to speak to her uncle

• to clean the bedroom • to send a thank-you card to

• to pay the bills Aunt Rose

I. Emma has already been to the shops.

2. 3.

5. 6.

a There is a new pupil in your class. Write questions to ask him if he/she has ever:

1. been to Australia;

2. dreamt about going to New Zealand;

3. learnt English poems by heart;

4. grown flowers or vegetables;

5. drawn birds, insects or other animals;

6. flown by plane;

7. heard the Kremlin clock;

8. made dinner for the whole family;

9. paid bills;

10. burnt autumn leaves.

1. Have you ever been to Australia? 75

1. I have been to school today.

2. I have

3. I have

4. I have

5. I have

6. I have not

7. I have not

8. I have not

9. I have not

10. I have not

Choose the right verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. It's the first time we (sent/have sent) have Sent an e-mail so quickly. 2. My friends (spent/have spent) the day before yesterday together. 3. "The children (came/ have come) to talk to you, Andrew. Where are you?" 4. They (built/have built) a new garage last summer. 5. I (didn't know/haven't known)

76 these facts then. 6. Are you sure we (met/ have met) each other before? 7. I can't 3 believe you (won/have won) the game. What

are you feeling now? 8. It's the second time Brian (drove/has driven) a car. 9. I (thought/have thought) about you just now. 10. They are not at home. They (just left/have just left)

11. He (found/has found)the book I am reading. I'd like to thank him for it. 12. We (already gave/have already given)up this plan. 13. I (read/have read) this book several times and can say it's very interesting.

n Use the verbs in brackets in past simple or present perfect.

1, My sister (buy) has bought two very fashionable blouses. I like them.

2. "Jane, you (make) up the whole thing.

I don't believe you!"

9. We played hide-and-seek yesterday. Jack (hide) in the old barn^l.

4. "Thanks, Oliver. You (support) me in the past, you (support) me this time too."

5. At two o'clock the big ship (land) and the passengers (leave)

¹ a barn [ba:n] —— aM6ap

6. I don't think you (ever meet) Mr Jones.

Let me introduce^lhim to you.

7. Greg (look) at us curiously and said,

"I (never know) such people before."

8. What you (say) a minute ago? 77

9. He (say)it just now.

10. I (never say) such things.

11. Look! What unusual flowers we (grow)

12. When Sam was leaving the flat, he (forget) to take his mobile.

13. I'm not sure he (catch) any fish at all. The jar is empty.

14. I (break) my favourite glasses the other

day. 15. Jake (teach) me to do a lot of things lately.

Rewrite these sentences in present perfect progressive using the words in brackets.

1. We live in Moscow (since July). — We have been living in Moscow since July.

2. I play the piano (for ten years).

4. The boys are playing football (for 2 hours).

5. Jenny is writing greeting cards (since 2 0'clock p.m.) —

1 to introduce [llntra^ldju:s] npeAc^rraBHTb

6. Jane is talking to Miss Grant (for twenty mintes). —

7.
Susan is doing her bedroom (since morning).

1. all morning (it's 11 a.m. now) — I have been preparing for my exams all morning.

2. all afternoon (it's 3 p.m. now) —

Write answers to these questions.

1. How long have you been living in your home place (town, city, village)?

3. What book are you reading now? How long have you been reading it? —

4. What things are you studying in your geography/biology classes? How long have you been studying them? —

5. Are you doing English now? How long have you been doing it?

Write how long they have been doing it.

1. Sid/write a book/2012 — Sid has been writing a book for three years.

2. Greg/build a country house/ 2010 —

3. Ray/drive a car/2011

1. — Hello! You live next door, don't you?

Oh, yes. We have been_living there since the end of March.

2. — You look tired.

— Yes, I know. I in the garden since 5 p.m.

3. — I hear you are taking lessons of Dutch.

— Yes, I am. In fact, I it for 3 months already.

4. — They say you play golf.

Yes. 1 it for half a year already.

5. — I can't remember seeing him here before.

Really? But he in this street for nearly 10 years.

6. — Has she only just learnt to play tennis?

— Oh, no. She it for more than 2 years.

7. — You look nervous.

for Rose for nearly an hour, and ghe hasn't come yet.

8. — You speak French fairly well.

I think you're joking. I it for only two

months.

m Write questions to the underlined words.

1. Jack has been living in the south of Australia since when he was a child. — Who has been living in the south of Australia since when he was a child?

2. We•have been walking since morning.

3. They have been building their cottage for two years. —

4. Grace has been watering the flowers since 7 a.m.

5. Jill has been reading her book in the garden for nearly half an hour.

They have been doing their proj ect for the whole morning because they want to finish it before the party begins. —

8. They have been helping John since five o'clock. -—

Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. I (plant) have planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.

2. We (phone) Joe for two hours

already. Unfortunately there is no answer.

3. Beatrice is very tired. She (wash) all morning. It is half past eleven now and she (just finish)

4. I know you (cry) . Your eyes are red.

5. At last I (paint) my room! — It looks wonderful. How long you (paint) it?

6. Their family (recently arrive) in Moscow.

7. How long does it take to fly to Vladivostok? ^u— We (fly)

for six hours already and I feel I'm tired.

8. Chris (never meet) the old lady

c since she left for London.

9. We (already have) lunch and are

going to drink coffee.

10. Oliver (not pass) his driving test. He'll try to pass it next week.

Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate verb forms: present perfect progressive, present perfect or past simple.

1. Jill (talk) has been talkjng on the phone since she (enter)

the room.

2. I can't believe you (eat)two pizzas already!

3. 1 (buy) a new car, it is very good, though rather expensive.

4. John (live)in Paris since he (arrive) there in 2010.

5. How long (you wait) here?

Since the lecture (begin)

6. I (run) all the way to school, that's why I look hot.

7. we (take)French lessons since

September. Our French (become) much better, especially if we remember the way we (speak)

it last autumn.

8. Well, boys, what (you do) since

I (leave) the room?

9. Don't forget you (not seen)

Mr Porter. He wants to speak to you and he (wait)

since 9 a.m. 83

10. So far I (not notice)anything

unusual in the classroom. Everyone is busy writing their papers which they (begin) after the break.

11. Lucy, I (phone) you all the

morning. Where (you be)

Complete the sentences using the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

know

1 an essay [^lesel] COt1HHeHne

2 cancer [ⁱkænse] — (med.) par

we thing.

7. who

apple tree?

yet.

13. 1 and she

14.

Complete the text using the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

hear man apper come greet walk

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sentences.

E. A. Poe O. Henry W. Faulkner	E. Welty
Many (1) Americans have written fine short stories. Edgar Allan Poe was a brilliant and	America
(2) storyteller. He wrote tales	origin
of mystery. He is a (3) father of the modern detective novel.	fame
O. Henry is another (4) short-story writer. His stories have	legend
(5) plots ^land unexpected	care end
William Faulkner has lots of (7) characters in his stories. Eudora Welty	memory
is another (8) short-	success
story writer. Her (9)	usual

tales often take place in small Mississippi towns.

1 a plot [plot]

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

Giant Oak

The first time I visited Giant Oak, I felt small and (1) unimportant. I was even a lit- important

tle afraid of the (2) tree. fame From the road you could see only some

part of this (3) attraction. tour

It was (4) behind a high main

(5) fencele wood

Inside the Oak looked (6)wonder

It stood like a terrible monster with its huge arms-branches. The tree was so gigantic that

the big (7) yard seemed tiny. grass

(8) I came close to the tree and slow

felt a bit nervous but I climbed the Oak and sat

on a branch. I didn't feel (9)comfort

but nothing happened. Giant Oak wasn't an

(10) monster after all. friendly

1 a fence [fens] — ga60p

Write the names of the birds under the pictures.

1. an ostrich

10. 11. 12.

Choose the right words to complete the sentences.

1. The (kookaburra/swallow) kookaburra lives in Australia.

2. People often say that the (owl/ magpie) is

a wise animal. 3. (Sparrows/ Nightingales)

fly to Africa to spend winters there. 4. (Starlings/Sparrows) usually live near human habitats^l.

5. (Woodpeckers/Sparrows) don't live in

Australia and the Isle of Madagascar. 6. (Starlings/Seagulls)

feed on fish. 7. (Pigeons/Magpies) 89 can be grey, white or brownish. 8. (Ostriches/ Emus) are birds of Africa. 9. (Emus/ Kookaburras) can't fly. 10. The (canary/ starling) is a typical pet.

Write the names of the insects under the pictures.

1. a spider

1 a habitat [^lhæbltæt] — Mec^rro 06wraHM%

10. 11. 12.

Match the words in the two columns and complete the sentences (1—5) with the word combinations.

1. breathe	a) in the grass
2. support	b) plants
3. include	c) fresh country air
4. hide	d) plans
5. cultivate	e) birds and insects

1. It was good to breathe fresh country air instead of the city

smoke.

2. It's easy for insects to

They are small and are often green or brownish.

3. Animals humans are animals too.

4. Our civilization began when people learned to

and domesticate animals.

5. Jack doesn't like to which other people offer.

Rewrite these sentences using the pronouns someone, anyone, everyone, no one instead of the underlined words.

1. Nobody could understand what Jill was saying. No one could understand what Jill was saying.

2. Anybody will say you can't hide here.

3. Everybody supported Julian's plan.

4. There is somebody at the door. —

5. Val has nobody here to speak to, no friend, no relative. —

6. Is there anybody at home? — 7. Everybody knows such facts.

8. Somebody from your office phoned.

1. an elk

10. 11. 12.

Use the words from the box to complete the sentences.

soil, species, insects, land, earth, ground, human, twin, rainforest

1. A rainforest is a forest that receives a lot of rain during the year. 2. A is a group of animals or plants that have

many characteristics in common. 3. Every man, woman or child is a 4. The is the planet on which

we live. It is the fifth largest planet in our solarⁱsystem. 5. The under the roof was dry. 6. How far does your extend? 7. The top part of the ground in which

plants grow is is one of two children or animals born at the same time to the same mother.

9. have three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings.

Continue the rows of word groups beginning with the underlined word and write them down.

1. common species, common animals

3. other birds,

4. another plant,

1 solar [ⁱsaula] — COJIHe¹1Hb1ii

5. close plans,

6. curious pupils,

8. human feelings,

9. similar animals, 93

10. scientific experiments,

3 10. 11. 12.

1. aisln — snail	7. ebelet
2. tan	8. fadrognyl 9. lapirlacter
4. homt —	10. baliddry —
5. lyf	11. despir —
6. fybtertul	12. horgrappess —

13. 15.

Spell the names of the birds properly.

1. luagesl seagull	7. pekcweodor —
2. low	8. ribon —
3. isntarlg —	9. uinpegn —
4. wcor —	10. bbirlkacd —
5. pagmei —	11. raprto —
6. lawolsw	12. nasw —

Spell the names of the insects properly.

1. The teacher asked his pupils to make up a story about an owl.

2. Sarah's mother didn't allow her to make when she went to school. 3. The two boys made before I could say goodbye to them. 4. The old gentleman spoke in a low voice and it was difficult to make him 5. Don't believe Robert's story. He has just made it . 6. When the police arrived, the thief^lwas making down the road. 7. Rose is friendly and pleasant one minute but she is as cold as ice the next. I just can't make her

8. Marion doesn't make so heavily now and looks so fresh and much younger. 9. Have you heard the news? Chris made with all the secret papers. 10. I can't make

John's handwriting.

Revise the phrasal verbs of units 1—4 and complete the sentences with talk, hand, give, make in their appropriate forms.

1. In July Mr Benham handed in his new novel to the publisher².

2. It was time to start up for the evening performance.

1 a thief [Oi:fl — BOP

2 a publisher [ⁱpnbllfr] — 1134aTeJ1b

3. Larry out sandwiches to the children and then went to the kitchen to bring drinks. 4. Don't you dare^l back to me like that! 5. She never completely up hope. She

always tried to look on the brighter side. 6. It's sometimes difficult 96 to out what they say over an airport loudspeaker. 7. We c tried to Rod out of buying such a big car. 8. The test was easy and I it in to my teacher long before the bell.

9. When Otto saw me, he off at once. I feel that he hates me. 10. She has away a very expensive gold watch.

11. The pen is mine, it back, please. 12. Molly back her room key to the young girl at the reception.

Write English equivalents for these Russian word combinations.

1. Apyroii rop0Å — another city

2.Apyrne )KMBOTHb1e ^t— 3. Apyrvre HaceKOMb1e

4. Apyroe pacTeHne —

5. ell-xö 0ÄHa 011.1M6ra — 6. MHb1e B011POCb1 —

7. MHOÜ rlJ1aH — 8. Apyrne

9. papyraa 11.1KOJ1a —

Complete the sentences using the definite article where necessary.

1. The twins are so much alike. It's difficult to tell one from the other. 2. Mr Bates, Mr Harris and three other teachers were there. 3. I know that there are other points of view.

¹ to dare [dea] OCMeJIUBaTbCfl, CMeTb

4. Some members of the team are English, others are Welsh.

5. Rob raised one arm and then other. 6. I took this job because there wasn't any other. 7. My other sister is a teacher. 8. Some people drink coffee for breakfast,

others prefer milk or tea. 9. I can't do answers four and five but 97

I have done others. 10. Harold went swimming while c others were playing tennis. 11. These shoes are dirty. I'll have to wear my other pair of shoes. 12. We must help others who are less successful.

Continue the rows.

1. a glass

2. a box of

3. a bag of

4. a cup of

5. a carton of

6. a jug of

7. a plate of

8. a piece of

Here is Alice. Answer the questions about her using the word groups from Exercise 37.

1. What has Alice just drunk? Alice has just drunk a cup of coffee.

2. What has Alice just eaten? —

3. What has Alice brought home from the shop? —

4. What has Alice bought? —

5. What hasn't Alice put on the table yet?

6. What has Alice already put on the round table? —

Make up and write sentences about what your friends (relatives) have done. Use one word group from each row of Exercise 37 in each sentence.

a) So life on the hill is now nil.

b) It rained all one day.

c) There was a young man in Brazil,

d) And the soil washed away,

Who cut down the trees on a hill. (Colin Nicholls)

¹ A limerick is a type of a short poem with just five lines. Its rhyming scheme/pattern is aabba.

Unit

The ABC of Ecology

Steps 1—10

100

n Write the second and the third forms of these verbs.

1. to burn — 2. to damage

3. to wear — 4. to hide

5. to break

6. to disagree

7.
to forget

8. to leave —

9. to teach

10. to blow

11. to buy

12. to stand

13. to take

14. to own -— 15. to have — 16. to be —

17. to pollute —

18. to choose —^z

19. to strike — 20. to spend — 21. to tell

22. to disappear —

23. to understand —

24. to survive —

25. to fall

26. to build — 101

27. to disbelieve

28. to bring — 29. to protect —

Make up questions from these parts and write them down.

1. how long/you/have/wanted/to visit/Great Britain? — How long have you wanted to visit Great Britain?

2. since when/you/have/been/an English student? —

3. what things/you/have/always/loved? —

4. how long/you/have/had/a disagreement/with your friend? —

5. how long/you/have/known/your/physics teacher?

6. what/you/have/wanted/to	become/all	your	life?

7. since when/you/have/had/your	pet? —

8. since when/you/have/been/a member/of the sports club?

IJse the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

1. Sarah (be) has been a doctor for seven years. 2. Bob (have)

this car for a year already. 3. Diana 102 (know)Mr Smith for 15 years.

4. we (be) friends since school.

5. My grandparents (own) this house since war. 6. I (always want) to visit

Great Britain. 7. Sue (always love)

dancing. 8. How long (you have) these gloves? 9. Dan (be) at home all the day.

10. Mary (want) to go to the Great Lakes

since she returned home.

Choose the appropriate forms in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. I (have been doing/have done) have been doing the flat since

2. 0'clock. 2. How long (have you known/have you been knowing)

each other? 3. I (haven't

worn/have not been wearing) these shoes yet. 4. Mary (has phoned/has been phoning)

the office since morning but she (hasn't managed/hasn't been managing)

to get through. 5. I (have met/

have been meeting) Mr Black

only once, I don't know what kind of person he is. 6. John

(has owned/has been owning) the house for 15 years. 7. This factory (has polluted/has

been polluting) the air for

12 years. 8. Mark is a vet, he (has saved/has been saving)

animals for years. 9. Mike is not

interested in foreign languages. He (has never even tried/has never even been trying) to do it.

10. Your mouth is dirty. (Have you eaten/Have you been eating)

jam? 11. A number of students 103

(have waited/have been waiting ) for you in the hall for an hour already. 12. They (have lived/have 3

been living) in this city all their lives and they are not going to leave.

Use present perfect or present perfect continuous to complete the sentences.

1. Doris (live) has been living in New Zealand for 10 months. 2. Ben (always want) to become

a journalist. 3. Martin (write) his project since morning. 4. Helen and Mike (teach) in this school for five years.

5. Simon (love)Mary all his life.

6. The children (dance)for an hour.

7. Ben (break)his promise twice this week. 8. We (enjoy)the party since we came. 9. Len (finish)his work and can have a rest now. 10. A strong wind (blow) for a week already. 11. Japan (recycle) a lot of things for many years. 12. Life has been difficult but they (survive)

Rewrite the sentences using the word number.

1. There are some disagreements between us. — There are a number of disagreements between us.

2. There are several studies on this problem.

3. There are a few factories in this region. ^L—

104 4. Ben has some French books at home.

3 5. Some animal species in the world are endangered.

6. I have a few true friends.

8. There are a few persons

Complete these sentences using a large/great number, a number, a small number.

1. I have a large number of friends at school. 2. There are

of classrooms in my school. 3. I have of English books in my home library.

4. pupils are ill today. 5. There are

Of houses in the street where I live. 6. There are of good sportsmen in my school team.

7. There are benches in our schoolyard.

8. There are of fruit trees in our school garden.

a Choose the appropriate words to complete the sentences.

l. There are (few/a few) parks in the city, that's why I think it is so polluted. 2. Hurry up! There is (a little/little) time before the bell. 3. Very (few a few)people can

influence his decisions. 4. Is there any bread in the basket?

Can I have a sandwich? Yes, there is (little/a little)

5. Can you wait for (a few/few) minutes, please? 6. Bob is unfriendly. He has (few/a few) friends.

7. You've got (little/a little) money, you can't buy 105 even a bun. 8. I have (a few/few)apples so I can make a pie. 9. I'm sure very (few/a few)children will manage 3 this task. It's very difficult. 10. Everybody needs (a little/little) comfort.

n Use the article a where necessary to complete these sentences.

1. There is little time left before the train leaves. Get in immediately. 2. Bob is not really friendly, that's why he has few friends. 3. We have few tomatoes, so we can make a salad. 4. Will you give me little time to finish the test, please? 5. Kate knows few words in German, just enough to ask a simple question. 6. Diana remembers very little about her childhood. 7. There is little water in the kettle, just

enough for one cup of tea. 8. There is fish in the fridge, not enough for dinner. Could you go and buy some, please? 9. I won't be long. Can you wait few more minutes? 10. Only few students will manage this task, it is very difficult.

Use reflexive pronouns where necessary to complete the sentences.

1. Martin is reserved. He never speaks of himself. 2. I feel

great today. 3. My twelve-year-old daughter made

this cake yesterday. 4. You shouldn't worry, I'll do everything 5. Dan always shaves in the morning. 6. Did you enjoy at the concert?

7. The children bathed in the lake. 8. My grandparents live by 9. Here's some chocolate, do help 10. Tell me you'll behave while I'm away.

106 Write what you think people must or mustn't do.

c 1. People mustn't dump their wastes in forests. 2. People recycle things. 3. People help endangered species to survive. 4. People pollute rivers and oceans. 5. People destroy animals' habitats. 6. People make laws to 'protect nature. 7. People cut down a lot of trees. 8. People hunt animals for fun. 9. People turn rivers into dumps. 10. Peopleprotect wildlife on the Earth.

Use the verb take in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

1. How long does it take them to come to an agreement? 2. Usually it me half an hour to get to the railway station. 9. It Peter a year to learn to dance. Now he is nearly a professional. 4. It the

students a week to understand the new material. But now their knowledge of it is good. 5. I'm not sure it me an hour to finish my composition. 6. It me a month to finish the work. But I've managed at last. 7. It usually a lot of time to pass a new law. 8. How long you to pack your belongings?

There is little time left, dear. 9. I don't know how long it you to get to your summer house tomorrow.

Too many cars leave Moscow on Friday. 10. Why it Ann so long to finish the translation last week?

Write questions to the underlined words.

1. Polly has been studying medicine for a year. — How long has Polly been studying medicine?

We have known each other since last year. —

5. Jill has been reading her book in the garden. —

6. My brother has always wanted to visit Greece. —

1. the Wenders	8. USA
2. Christmas	9. South America
3. Australia	10. Bangladesh
4. Baltic Sea	11. Worldwide Fund for Nature
5. Elk Isle	12. Mauritius
6. Earth	13. Greenpeace
Antarctica	Young Ecologists Club

7. They have been doing their proj ect for the whole morning because they want to finish it before the party begins. —

108Use a or the where necessary.

c 1. Losinyi Ostrov appeared in Moscow in 1983.

2. Wilsons have always wanted to visit Niagara Falls.

3. Russia stretches from Pacific Ocean in Asia to

Baltic Sea in Europe. 4. Lora has been studying

French language since last year. 5. It takes Moon 366 days to travel round Earth. 6. Westray Island is situated in

Scotland. 7. When Romans came to British Isles, they built a lot of roads. 8. It took me two hours to do History Museum. 9. Baiji dolphins live in Yangtze River.

10. There was one of the worst cases of pollution in the world in Gulf of Mexico in 2011.

Use the appropriate article where necessary.

1. Mark has been a member of Greenpeace for two years.

2. eucalyptus grows faster than other trees. 9.

early bike that was popular in 17th century had no pedals.

4. scientists think that dinosaurs didn't live in

Antarctica. 5. pollution is serious ecological problem.

6. climate influences life of people. 7. There is big dump not far from forest. 8. school English club has hundred of members. 9. visitors to Mauritius killed all dodos on island. 10. Dutch are very famous for their tulips.

15. Great Lakes	18. Himalayan Moun-
16. Black Sea coast	tains
17. Gulf of Mexico	19. Kuwait

20. Yangtze River

Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms to complete the sentences.

1. When Bob (be) was at school, he (join) joined Greenpeace.

2. Fortunately the smog (disappear) very

quickly yesterday. 3. Peter (just eat) a sandwich. He can't be hungry. 4. They (agree)

to make it up. I hope they will. 5. Scientists (save) a lot of endangered animals lately.

6. The boy (survive)in the accident and

he is much better now. 7. Molly (study) ecology at the university. Now she teaches it. 8. Polly and Mike

(disbelieve)the girl's story. They say it

can't be true. 9. The oil company (pollute) the environment and now lots of birds and other animals suffer from it. 10. Even when a child, Mary (be) responsible person.

Complete the sentences using the words on the right in the appropriate forms.

save

2. If Clare disagree talk to her again.

3. The Browns say they own the cottage for 15 years.

4. Last week he know about dodos.

5. Tomorrow our classes over at a quarter past two.

6. Their parents want give them a good education.

7. If Sarah ask her to buy a piece of meat.

not hear, say now.

110 9. The geography teacher influence my final decision yesterday.

10. The builders damage habitat badly. We

Use the appropriate forms of the verbs to complete the story.

Matilda was a most unusual five-year old, as her teacher, Miss Jenny Honey (1) (find) found out on the girl's first day at school. Miss Honey (2) (get) to her feet and (3) (walk)

out of the room. She was back thirty seconds

later. She (4) (carry) a thick book under her

arm.

Miss Honey placed the book on Matilda's desk.

"This is a book of limericks," the teacher (5) (say)

. "See if you can (6) (read)

to read. that one aloud." Matilda (7) (begin)

"This isa famous limerick," Miss Honey smiled. "It looks easy but it's very hard to write."

"I know," Matilda answered. "I (8) (try) to

write some but they are no good."

"Do you want to say you (9) (write) several lime- 111

ricks?" asked the teacher. "Could you try to remember one for us?"

"Well," Matilda (10) (hesitate) "1 (11) (make) up a limerick about you, Miss Honey."

"About me?" Miss Honey (12) (cry)

"Stand up and recite it."

And Matilda (13) (do)

(from "Matilda" by Roald Dahl)

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

Empty Deserts

In the (1) nineteenth century Americans	nineteen
(2) out west to the rich new lands	move
of the Pacific coast. The (3)	difficult
part of (4) trip was crossing the Great American Desert. The western des-	they
erts can (5) very dangerous.	be
There (6) little water and there	be
(7) few trees. But the desert	be

also (8)

lots of (10)

The desert looks fantastic. Tall towers of red and yellow stone (11)

112 from the flat sandy valley floor," one of the

6. [ ^lhæbltæt]

14. [^Ipelmant]

7. [Iri: ^lsalkl]

8. [1k^lst11Jkt]

15. [se^lvaw]

explorers writes.

Il	Vocabular y Section

1. nature	6. envir m nt	11. n w_days
	7. _xt n t	12. behav ur
	8. re cle	13. yoursel s
4. ne e _ary	9. en o ment	14. Inf
5. disb l ve	10. unpol ted	15. am g

Write the missing letters to complete the words.

1. himself, myself, themselves, oneself, itself 2. enjoyment, pollution, environment, disagreement, development

themselves

Find the odd word out in each line.

3. disappear, disagree, disbelieve, dishonest, dislike

4. influence, law, damage, study, agree

5. pollution, organization, ecologist, protection, tradition

6. dodo, whale, dinosaur, tyrannosaurus, apatosaurus

7. among, between, outside, on, through

8. snowdrop, tortoise, whale, dolphin, lizard113

Use the "instruction" phrases (Student's Book, part Il, p. 69) to complete the text.

How to Make a Good Presentation

1. The first thing you should do is to choose the topic for your

presentation. 2. to look for the material on the Net. 3.find

colourful pictures to make your presentation more interesting

for the listeners. 4. speak not more than 10 minutes, otherwise your audience will get tired.

5. to be ready to answer questions.

If you follow all these rules, your presentation will be successful.

A. Combine the words in the two columns to make new words.

1. beda) east 1. a bedroom

2. snow b) flower 2.

3. sunc) land 3.

4. school d) side 4.

5. grasse) room 5.

6. back f) forest 6.

7. north g) pack

8. rail h) drop 8.

9. country i) way 9.

10. rain j) girl 10.

B. Make up your own sentences using the new words from part A

114 4.

10.

Make up word combinations from the words in the two columns. Write them down.

1. powera) organization 1. a power station

2. rubbish b) waste 2.

3. peace c) language 3.

4. toxic d) station 4.

5. computer e) dump 5.

6. sea f) influence 6.

7. world g) jar 7.

8. glass h) pollution 8.

Use the words from the box to complete the sentences.

development, survive, pollute, recycle, disagreement, influence, protect, endanged, environment, responsible, nature, law, habitat, waste, pour

1. People must help endangered animals to survive. 2. Bob had

a greatwith his father about his future education. 3. The economic of this region

the has improved recently. 4. Toxic wastes rivers a lot. 5. To save forests people should waste paper. 6. Mike wants to become an ecologist. He is interested in . 7. Helen's teacher has a great

on her. 8. Children should have a happy

home 9. In winter people usually wear

115

warm jackets to themselves from the cold.

10. In my opinion it's a of money to buy so many new clothes. 11. Could youanother cup

of tea for me, please? 12. Is Asia the natural

Of tigers? 13. Many Parliament members were against this

14. Nowadays a lot of

for animal species live in zoos. 15. Mary is watering the plants in the classroom.

28 A. Make the words from the box negative using the prefixes dis- or unand write them down.

tidy, appear, honest, believe, natural, comfortable, agreement, necessary, friendly, comfort

	dis-	un-
	1. disappear 2. 3. 4. 5.	1. untidy 2. 3. 4. 5.

B. Make up your own sentences with the dis- and un- words.

116 7.

10.

Use between or among to complete the sentences.

1. There is a huge factory between the two cities. 2.

you and me Mr 'Wilson is not a responsible person. 3. Dinosaurs areextinct animals. 4. There is a lot in common

the father and the son. 5. There is a lot of

disagreementthe members of the fund. 6. It's difficult to choose the two blouses, they are both so beautiful. 7. There is a nice cosy cottagethe trees.

8. We spent our winter holidays our relatives in Canada. 9. Your choice for breakfast lies cornflakes and fried eggs. 10. Molly has a music class at 4 p.m., an English class at 6 p.m. and a short rest in

Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on the

right.

1. There are a lot of national parks in Russia. nation

2. We got so tired that the way to the hotel seemed

3. Dick and Len were members conference last year. science

4. John's was a surprise to behave

5. Keeping the streets of our town the of all the cooperate

here.

6. I love to breathe this health

air. 117

7. A clear moon is a hope c good weather to come.

8.athletes cannot take part in profession the Olympic Games.

9. My vacation was three months

long

10. The architect model

11.

I bought a contain shop.

12. Our trip to Europe was really memory

1. Lots of people take up a particular sport at an early age. 2. What time did the plane eventually take ? 3. Jake says he couldn't take everything because Dr Baxter was speaking too fast.

4. Sue has taken riding at weekends. 5. Could you, please, take the words I am going to dictate? 6. I can't take what has happened. 7. The plane to Glasgow took on time.

8. We are going to take sport. We are for healthy ways.

9. He was never been able to take anything John Webster tried to explain. 10. I would like to take a new hobby such as knitting or gardening, the one in which you use your hands.

Use prepositions from the box where necessary to complete the sentences.

1. Kate lives all by herself. 2. My teacher has a great influence

118

me. 3. Fortunately food and water for a week

c he managed to survive the ocean. 4. this

university students get a lot of information different living things. 5. Many sea animals feed plants and fish.

6. Some people think it's not easy to survive the modern world. 7. Mike is responsible buying fruit and vegetables in the family. 8. His ideas influenced the world of

medicine. 9. People should work a lot to save our planet danger. 10. What size clothes do you wear? 11. This has happenedme several times. 12. Have you got this blouse

size 12? 13. Few people like travelling sea.

14. Young people can't live the Internet. 15. A lot of animals died because of changes in the climate.

Write make or take to complete the sentences.

1. The plane must take off on time. 2. When you down

what the lecturer says, you understand his ideas better. 3. I don't like people who up excuses to explain their faults.

4. Doris didn't up drawing as she was not interested in it. 5. Sometimes I can't out what my parents want from me. 6. The girls started to up for the party.

7. I was so tired yesterday I couldn't in what the

teacher was explaining at the lesson. 8. Whenever I see a stranger,

I always try to out what he orshe is like.

SFA Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right. Facts about the Animal World

119

Wild tigers are (1) endangered animals. These	endanger
big cats live in (2) forests and in Siberia. Orangutans are also rare animals, they	India
are (3) apes. You can find these	Asia
(4) but (5) crea- tures in Sumatra and Borneo. China and Tibet are the native habitats of giant pandas. The	power, peace
(6) people admire these rare	China
animals. In the past (7) and	explore
(8) tried to get pandas for	hunt
museum (9) However, thick forests and high mountains provided	collect
(10) to them.	protect

Complete the sentences using the adjectives from the box.

ecological, Dutch, endangered, responsible, natural, extinct, local, necessary

1. butch tulips are famous all over the world. 2. There are a lot of

animals in the world. Something must be done to

prevent them from dying out. 3. Dinasours are an species. 4. Mike always does what he promises. He is a reliable

and person. 5. Doctors say that eating bread is

for people's health. 6. It's unsafe for animals

to live in their habitats if they are polluted.

7. The members of the government do a lot to pro120 tect the environment in our community. 8. Yesterday Peter gave c a talk onthe main problems of the 21st century.

Continue the rows.

1. pollute (the) air, soil. environment, planet

Find synonyms in the two columns and write them down.

1. visitor a) learn 1. visitor — guest

2. type b) stroll 2.

3. enjoyment c) ground 3.

4. landd) evolution 4.

5. studye) hard 5.

6. almost f) disease 6.

7. difficult g) kind

8. roam h) guest 8.

9. childreni) pleasure 9.

10. illnessj) nearly 10.

11. development k) kids 11.

Find antonyms in the two columns and write them down.

1. naturala) appear 1. natural — unnatural

2. disagree b) much 2.

3. little c) polluted 3.

4. died) unsafe 4. 121

5. disappeare) agree 5. c

6. build f) survive 6.

7. safe g) unnatural 7.

8. unpollutedh) destroy 8.

Write 8 more sentences about what you should or shouldn't do (dos and don'ts) to keep our planet safe.

Dos

Don'ts

1. Recycle as much paper as possible.

1. Don't leave your rubbish in the forest after having a picnic.

Choose the best variant to express the same word.

1. to take up

a) to begin doing sth

b) to understand

c) to put sth over your heart

2. to make up

a) to do sth

b) to say sth foolish

c) to create

3. habitat

122 a) a place where animal species live

b) an animal hospital

c) a factory

4. an ecologist

a) a person who treats animals

b) a person who helps animals to survive

c) a person who studies our environment

5. to survive

a) to stay alive

b) to die

c) to live happily

6. isolation

a) living in a closed place

b) not being with others

c) living among people

7. a dump

a) a place where species live

b) a place where people keep unnecessary things

c) a fund

8. a member

a) a person who belongs to some group

b) a relative

c) an extinct animal

Unit 6

Living Healthy

Steps 1—10

123

I Gr a m m ar Section

Write the second and the third forms of these verbs.
1. to keep — kept — kept	16. to find —
2. to spend —	17. to catch
3. to sleep —	18. to pollute —
4. to stay —	19. to choose —
5. to jog	20. to strike
6. to wear —	21. to spend —
7. to mark —	22. to recycle —
8. to hurt —	23. to get —
9. to cough	24. to try
10. to blow	25. to cause —
11. to damage —	26. to examine —
12. to study —	27. to weigh —
13. to run —	28. to prescribe —
14. to take —	29. to swallow —
15. to recover —	30. to sneeze —

Use a/an or zero article to complete the sentences.

1. It is such g natural habitat for tigers to live there! 2. It was such good news! 3. Jim had such bad cold last week. 4. That was such useful information. 5. That was such tasteless meal! 6. The sportsman ran such long race. 7. It was such healthy diet. 8. The doctor prescribed us such helpful

medicine. 9. They were such good habits. 10. It was such wonderful weather!

Read the first dialogue. Follow this model and write more dialogues using the notes in brackets.

A: (fly in a helicopter?) Have you ever flown in a helicopter?

B: (No) No I haven't.

A: (fly in a plane?) Have you ever flown in a plane?

B: (Yes) Yes 1 have.

A: (Where?) Where did you fly in a plane?

B: (Africa, Europe) I flew in a plane in Africa and in Europe.

A: (travel by plane?)

B: (No)

A: (travel by sea?)

B: (Yes, several times)

A: (When last?)

B: (two years ago)

A: (read "War and Peace"?)

B: (Yes)

A: (see the film?)

B: (Yes)

A: (When?)

B: (last month)

1. Sports terms

2. Names of sciences

3. Political terms

4. Names of fruit and foodstuff

5. Terms of science and technology

6. Terms of art

A: (sleep in the mountains?)

B: (No)

A: (sleep in the forest?)

B: (Yes)

A: (When?)

B: (last summer)

A: (Where?)

B: (in the Caucasus)

Write the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

125 1. I (never be) have never been to Greece, but I would like to go

there some time. 2. John says he (want) to swim across the English Channel one day. 3. Charles, you (sneeze)

and (cough) all the time. I think you should (stay) at home. I'm sure you (come)

down with a cold. 4. It's the third time Ron (catch) a cold this autumn. We ought to do something.

5. Rebecca says it is the best film she (see) lately.

6. When we came home from work, our son (lie) in bed. He (run) a high temperature. I (decide) to call the doctor. 7. I really don't know when Philip (recover) from his disease. He is not worse but he is not better either. 8. Don't worry, dear. When the doctor (come)

he (prescribe) some medicine for your cough. 9. As soon as John (recover)

, we (go) back to our home city. 10. When the train to Liverpool (start)

Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the text.

No one (1) (know) knows when the first humans (2) (discover) how (3) (make) a fire. It probably (4) (happen) by accident. Perhaps someone (5) (rubl)

¹ to rub (rubbed rubbed) [rnb] — ^rrepeTb

together (noticel) that

126

and then flame (9) (appear)

. "If we (10) (do) it like this, we will be able to have fire when we need it," the

prehistoric people (11) (think) "We (12) (find)

out the way to make a fire!"

Use a/an or zero article to complete the sentences.

1. What g good patient! 2. What warm clothes! 3. What obese girl! 4. What wonderful medicine! 5. What deep knowledge! 6. What exotic species of flowers! 7. What slim woman! 8. What good weather! 9. What practical advice! 10. What awful idea! 11. What heavy weight!

12. What nice children!

a Use it is, they are, she is, he is, you are to complete these sentences.

1. What a slim wrist! — What a slim wrist it is!

2. What clever students! — 3. What a brave man! — 4. What obese children!

5. What a dangerous spider! —

¹ to notice [ⁱneuüs]— 3aMeqaTb

6. What a beautiful woman! — 7. What a difficult test!

8. What a fast lizard! —

9. What a boring person! —

10. What unhealthy food! — 127

Write the same in a different way. c3

1. What a tasty meal! — How tasty the meal is!

2. What an obese patient!

3. What harmful habits! —a

4. What quick learners!

5. What a painful operation! —

6. How long our walk is! —

How healthy this diet is! —

8. How cold the fizzy drinks are! —

9. How talented the young doctors are! — 10. How awful his cough is!

Write it differently.

a) 1. You should keep to a diet to be fit. You ought to keep to a diet to be fit.

2. You should follow your doctor's advice.

4. Doctors should examine their patients thoroughly.

5. Children should treat old people kindly.

b) 1. We've almost finished the exercise. — We've practically finished the exercise.

2. Bob has practically recovered from his illness.

128 3. The kid has almost got to hospital.

Complete the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate forms.

1. An dr e w: Do you like Italy?

Bill: I (never be) have never been there, but I'd love (go) to Italy some time.

2. S ar a h: Do you often catch colds in autumn?

Mike: I (not think) so. I (catch a cold) only once in autumn, and it (be) some years ago.

3. B o b: What medicine are you taking for your cough?

Pete: I (not be) to the doctor yet, so I (not begin) taking any drugs.

4. J o h n: So, you have won the game. You (be) a very good chess player.you (play) a lot?

Steve: No, it's the first time I (play) the game. It's just beginner's luck, I think.

5. Polly: You look wonderful, Emma, so slim and fresh.

you (keep) to adiet?

Emma: No, I (be) not. I (never keep)

to a diet in my life. But I always (have) regular meals and (take)a lot of exercise.

6. Fiona:your brother (recover)

from his illness?

129 Be t t y: I wouldn't say that. He (still cough) and (have)a runny nose.

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the right.

happen think late

1 a crutch [krAtS] — I-COCTb1J1b

2 to swing [SWII)] — I-caqaTbCH Ha Kagejlflx; the swings I-cage.JIM

2. [rl^lknva]

3. [prl^lskralb]

4. [h3:t]

5. [ha:t]

6. [elk]

7. [kDfl

8. [ ⁱllnes] —

10. [lhedelk]

11. [ⁱrorelk] — 12. [IAIjz]

13. [rlSt]

^l —

14.

[hæblt]

15. [ⁱpe1Snt]

1 .ha rm

6. w

11. t

oat

2. en

der

12. f

_ge_

Write the missing letters to complete the words.

	8. h rt	13. t
4. br n	9. kn		ribe
5. a k e	10. st m ch	15. sn	ze

Use still or yet to complete the sentences.

1. I am Still doing my homework. 2. Mary hasn't left for the theatre, she ischoosing what dress to wear. 3. Meg

doesn't go to work, she is ill. 4. Don hasn't recovered

He isin hospital. 5. My uncle hasn't taken the

prescribed medicine 6. David is obese but he hasn't stopped his harmful ways. He is eating junk food. 7. Bob doesn't know how to lose weight. 8. Doris hasn't had a rest . She is very tired.

Choose the right words in brackets to complete the sentences. 131

1. When we left the house, it was raining (hard/hardly) hard.

2. The work was (hard/hardly) but we knew we had to do it. 3. I can (hard/hardly) wait to hear the news.

4. I (hard/hardly) ever go out these days. 5. Molly is so weak. She can (hard/hardly) move. 6. This ice cream is as (hard/hardly) as rock. 7. We could (hard/ hardly) speak for years. 8. It's (hard/hardly) to understand what Andrew thinks. 9. We are living in France now and (hard/hardly) ever speak English. 10. I don't think it's a good time for a walk. It's snowing (hard/hardly)

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

Find antonyms in the two columns and write them down.

1. painful a) appear 1. painful — painless

2. healthy b) shapeless 2.

3. wide c) sick 3.

4. long d) painless 4.

5. disappear e) narrow 5.

6. shapely f) short 6.

7. strong g) pleasant

8. unpleasant h) weak 8.

A. Match the words in the two columns and write them down.

1. fast a) harm 1. fast food

2. tasty b) people 2.

B. Use the word combinations from part A to complete the sentences.

1. Almost everybody in our class does a lot of exercises.

We all take part in different competitions between our schools.

2. "What a you have prepared, Barbara!

We've enjoyed every dish." 3. We could see a large cloud of

in he sky just above the building on fire.

4. I am sure regular morning exercises will do you on the contrary^lthey will do you a lot of

good. 5. are unhealthily fat, many of them

have heart problems. 6. Try to reduce²the number of sweets and that your younger sister has. 7. I don't think he is abut I know him as a very hardworking pupil. 8. Do we have to do the sights of Oxford or do we have just half an hour to walk around?

9. In the 1960s and 1970s became popular

among young people in the West. Nowadays it is a serious problem all over the world. 10. Is there any restaurant nearby where we can buy

1 on the contrary HallPOTMB

2 to reduce [rl^ldju:s] — YMeHb111HTb, CHH3HTb

Use so or such to complete the sentences.

1. We came home $0 late yesterday. 2. The operation was painful. 3. The boy answered well that the teacher gave him an excellent mark. 4. It was a good day! 5. It was 134 practical advice. 6. That was a quick decision.

7. The Service was fast. 8. The puppies we saw last week were cute. 9. Our holidays were pleasant.

10. It was luck!

Use the word too to paraphrase these sentences.

1. The boy is not strong enough to carry this heavy box of medicine. — The boy is too weak to carry it.

2. The sportsman didn't run fast enough to win the race. —

3. Tom didn't get up early enough last Tuesday and missed his

4. The interval was not long enough for Amber to copy the text. —

5. I'm afraid to be in the car when Robin drives. He doesn't drive

7. The lecture hall is not clean enough to invite our guests there. -—

8. Mr Richard Greenwell was not lucky enough to win the prize. —

9. The boy was not tall enough to get the apple from the tree. ----

10. Lily Grove is not old enough to take such decisions. —

^SF A Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

a) 1. What is the breadth broad

2. Trees take many years to reach their full

135

grow

3. The garden is six metres in wide

4. Take two pieces of string of different

long

5. I was out of

breathe

for the bus.

6. The warm comfortable.

Nobody knows the deep lake, but believe me it's fairly deep.

8. He does weight-training to

physical strong

b) 1. Can cats see in the dark

2. It will take Steve months to recover from his

ill

3. The stars were already losing their

bright 4. Sometimes I cook this fruit with sugar to

take away its sharp

5. He could see a white

in the dark tunnel.

6. The money did not bring us happy

7. The news of his daughter's departure filled

him with sad

8. I do expect reasonable on our polite

1. Are you going to stay up all night? It's time to go to bed.

2. up a dialogue and role play it. 3. The plane is due to off in several minutes. 4. The dishwasher is too expensive. I'll try to Jane out of buying it. 5. Polly, can you out your tests to the pupils, please? 6. Never up your hopes. 7. I always try to down all his witty phrases. 8.your coat off and go to the dining room.

9. Please never back to your parents or grandparents.

10. You shouldthese books back to the library, Greg.

11. It took me a long time toin what he was saying.

12. Old Mr Clark asked the members of his family to together.

1. If you stay away from a place or stay out of it, you do not go there.

2. If you stay , you remain out of bed rather than go to bed. 3. Fiona is coming down with a cold. I think she will have to stay from the other children. 4. We are strong if we stay

5. All the members of the family went to bed, nobody stayedto give us our supper. 6. This town is unsafe, stay from here. 7. My nutritionist ^lrecommends me to stay sweet things. 8. When Mike prepares for exams, he often stays all night.

1 a nutritionist [nju: ^Itr1San1st] — AmeTOJ10r

Put the adverb enough in each sentence in its proper place.

1. Little Alice is not old to do it. Little Alice is not old enough to do it.

2. We haven't bought potatoes. —

The candidate is popular. He can win. —

8. There is some fruit on the menu but not much. —

26	Write the endings of these sentences.

1. If a person has a pain in the stomach, he/she has stomachache.

2. If a person has a pain in the ear, he/she has

3. If a person has a pain in the head, he/she has

4. If a person feels pains in the heart, he/she has

5. If a person has a pain in the tooth, he/she has

6. If a person has a pain in the back, he/she has

7. If a person has a pain in the leg, ithim/her to walk.

^SF A Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

1. Bob had some disagreement with his friends.

agreement

2. Molly speaks Italianfluent

organize

symmetry science

examine

exclaim

Healthy and Unhealthy Ways

In my opinion a lot of people are (1) careless enough aboutcare their lifestyles. They eat a lot, sleep rather little and

(2)don't take any exercise.practical

As a result many of them suffer from almost

all (3)diseases. Theimagine

(4)ways include eatingharm meals (5)and having fastquiék

food regularly. Such people forget about

(6)and are (7) relax, busy. Nowadays these habits have permanent

become really (8) On the danger other hand, more and more people say "No" 139

to junk food and this kind of food is becoming c

(9) Lots of people see popular and understand how (10) risk el

unhealthy ways are. Time has come to

(11) our lifestyles. construct

Use the words from the box to complete the sentences.

practically, cough, recover, prescribed, hurt, pain, toothache, sneezing, coming, nose, sore, temperature, swallow

1. Barbara felt such a strong pain in her left side that she gave a cry. 2. The doctor examined my right foot and asked if it me to walk. 3. Bruce is coming down with a cold. He has a runny and a high

. 4. What an awful ! How long have you been coughing like this? 5. It was stupid of Loo to eat three ice creams. Now she's got athroat

and she can't 6. What has the doctor for your pain in the stomach?

7. How often do you visit your dentist? I go to seé her only when

I've got . 8. Jake is constantly

I think he is down with a cold.

Use the appropriate function words to complete the sentences.

1. If a doctor prescribes you a medicine for your disease when you are ill, you should take it. 2. Do you know when he can recover

his disease? 3. Unfortunately, my cousin is coming down a cold. What bad luck! 4. Little Joy says she has a strong

pain her stomach. 5. Sarah, how long have you been studying medicine? — I've been doing it three years.

140 6. I always take aspirin a high temperature. 7. I've been c feeling bad Wednesday. 8. Doctor Nelson sometimes listens my lungs. He says, "Breathe and

then breathe 9. Smoking does a lot harm

people. 10. To be obese is dangerous your health.

It's Ron's birthday today. Ron's friends have come to his party. There are a lot of tasty things on the table. Read what Ron is saying to his friends and decide what Russian equivalent you can offer for the phrase "Help yourself!"

1. A I i c e: What wonderful apples!

R o n: Please help yourself!

Alice

2. S a m: What fantastic grapes!

Sam R o n: Please help yourself!

3. P at: Who has made this cake? It's great!

R o n: Please help yourself!

Ronpat

There are a lot of tasty things on the table. Brenda's cousins would like to try some of them. Write what she answers to her relatives.

1. N i c k: Brenda, can I have some of these pies?

Bre n d a: Help yourself!

2. W i I l: Brenda, can I have some cheese?

Brend a:

3. Sand ra and W i I l: Brenda, can we have some salad? Brenda:

4. J o: Brenda, your pizza is so tasty! Can I have some more?

Brenda:

5. Colin and Nick: Brenda, we like your chocolate. Can we 141 have some?

Brenda:

Use ill or sick to complete the sentences. In some sentences you can use both.

1. If you are sick, you are Ill. 2. The adjective sick usually means

physically , but sometimes we use it to describe somebody who is mentally^l 3. Your uncle is very

4. people are most at risk in this area. 5. Jane Palmer's illness is getting worse. The girl is running a very high temperature. 6. How long has the child been people ought to stay at home and not to go to school or work. 8. George has fallen and stays in bed.

9. Jim is with cancer. 10. Roberta is so she can't come. 11. Where is Margaret? — She is visiting her aunt in hospital. 12. Mrs Porter is a very woman.

Read the sentences (a—g) and write answers to the questions (1—7).

a) Chris loves to have his finger in every pie.

b) Arthur Miller wants to bring everybody to their knees.

c) Mrs Armstrong has a heart of gold.

d) Bobby Willow always walks with his nose in the air.

1 mentally [^Imentli] YMCTBeHHO

e) I can say that Jessica has a good head on her shoulders.

f) Sarah Perry has eyes bigger than the stomach.

g) David has always been a pain in the neck.

142

1 Who is clever and brainy? Jessica is.

c 2. Who thinks that he/she is better than other people? —

3. Who is very kind and helpful, and always thinks about other people? —

4. Who does many things at the same time? —

5. Who usually takes more things than they can eat? — 6. Who is a big problem? —

7. Who likes to win a victory over other people? —

Write what your reaction to these situations could be. Use the exclamations from the Social English section (Student's Book, part I l ,

p. 106).

1. It was silly of me to swim in such cold water. — How true!

2. on 25 December I had to buy some gifts, but the nearby shop was closed and I had to walk to the centre because I couldn't start my car. On the way back I bought some food and my bag became heavy.

When I got home, I was more dead than alive!